This partnership is part of the Academy’s recently launched Hope for Reefs initiative—a groundbreaking effort to research, restore, and raise awareness about coral reef systems around the world for which the institution has raised more than $13 million to date. In addition to exploring some of the least-known coral reefs in the world to learn more about how these systems currently function, Academy scientists are focused on predicting how they will fare in the future and aiding in their conservation. This collaboration with SECORE and The Nature Conservancy represents a meaningful step forward for restoration efforts in our planet’s most threatened coral reefs.

By “seeding” reefs with sexually reproduced coral offspring (a cutting-edge, on-the-reef approach), the Global Coral Restoration Project will help maintain corals’ genetic diversity and maximize their ability to adapt to future conditions. The collaboration offers training for partners from island nations and territories—including organizations capable of translating their efforts into local management plans that support this large-scale coral restoration initiative. The project starts in the Caribbean and is planned to expand into the Pacific region after its initial phase.

Restoring invaluable ecosystems

Nearly 75% of the world’s coral reefs are currently threatened by the combined impacts of overfishing, habitat destruction, water pollution, climate change, and ocean acidification. SECORE, the Academy, and a growing group of partners and supporters have spent years researching ways to leverage corals’ natural sexual reproduction to restore struggling reef ecosystems.

Though they represent less than 0.1 percent of global oceans, coral reefs—the most diverse marine ecosystems on Earth—provide significant marine habitat for countless animals. Reefs provide vital ecological services that support the livelihood and well-being of billions of people worldwide. All told, it is estimated that coral reefs provide human societies with vital goods and services worth several hundred billion dollars per year.

In the Caribbean with a novel approach

“The threats facing coral reefs are so gigantic that we need a monumental, coordinated effort to fight reef decline like never before,” says Bart Shepherd, Director of Steinhart Aquarium and Hope for Reefs co-leader. “SECORE’s new scientific and stakeholder-training approaches to restoring reefs will help break through the time and labor constraints that have slowed past conservation efforts. We’re aiming to seed one million global corals by 2021.”

SECORE’s use of sexually-produced corals in restoration efforts—a fascinating process in itself—has undergone an incredible transformation after more than ten years of research. Coral reefs are built over time by large colonies of tiny animals called stony coral polyps. These immobile animals release their eggs and sperm into the water column—often in mass spawning events that occur roughly once per year.

“When ocean conditions are poor,” says Shepherd, “reef-building corals are unable to successfully reproduce. Conservation scientists have developed ways of sexually producing large quantities of coral offspring that are genetically diverse and are raised on land and in ocean-based nurseries. We literally plant these reproduced corals on reefs using self-attaching concrete pieces shaped like tetrapods.”

During the past few years, the project partners have studied how to raise large numbers of delicate coral larvae of several Caribbean species, practiced less labor-intensive ways of seeding coral recruits on reefs, developed protocols to choose suitable restoration sites, and learned how to efficiently monitor ongoing restoration success. Because key reef-building species, including elkhorn and staghorn corals, are critically endangered, one focus of this collaborative project will be to assist in their rehabilitation.

Sharing knowledge

The Global Coral Restoration Project will work to transfer these unique hands-on restoration techniques to local stakeholders, a vital exchange given the severity of threats facing global reefs. The partners will establish three capacity-building centers in the Caribbean: in Mexico, Curaçao, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. At each location, a local team of experts will test and refine sexual reproduction techniques and share findings with coral reef practitioners around the world. Project partners emphasize that coastal stakeholders who rely upon reefs are critical to making any restoration and conservation efforts truly successful over time.

The first task of the new alliance? A kick-off workshop called “New techniques for coral restoration in the Caribbean” on Curaçao this May. Interdisciplinary scientists and stakeholders throughout the Caribbean will meet to learn hands-on practices—including collecting and fertilizing coral gametes and practicing the handling of larvae to be seeded onto degraded reefs—and share theoretical background knowledge.

Changing the coral reef story from “tragedy to hope”

“The Academy’s support has added critical staff and resources to SECORE’s world-changing work,” says Shepherd. “Beyond our support of new scientists in critical field locations in the Caribbean, the Academy’s goal is to help advance restoration science and expand conservation training workshops around the globe. The portfolio of methods and technology we’re building are meant for a wide variety of corals across a wide variety of reef habitats. We are doing everything we can to change the coral reef story from tragedy to hope.”

Already global leaders in this field, the Academy will continue to develop and apply science-based technologies to increase survival of coral reefs on a global scale. Together with a growing network of partners, the Academy’s unique mix of scientific expertise, world-leading ocean exploration skills, on-the-ground conservation efforts, world-class aquarium and coral culturing facilities, and innovative educational platforms will give critical marine ecosystems the science-based help—and global attention—they deserve.

The Academy’s Hope for Reefs initiative is made possible through the support of visionary donors. The Academy gratefully acknowledges the lead partners listed below.

• William K. Bowes, Jr. Foundation
• Dalio Ocean Initiative
• Eva and Bill Price
• Jennifer Caldwell and John H. N. Fisher

About the California Academy of Sciences

The California Academy of Sciences is a renowned scientific and educational institution dedicated to exploring, explaining and sustaining life on Earth. Based in San Francisco’s Golden Gate Park, it is home to a world-class aquarium, planetarium, and natural history museum, as well as innovative programs in scientific research and education—all under one living roof.